The Siege Of Alesia, By Julius Caesar Essay - 2538 Words

The Siege of Alesia, also known by the name Battle of Alesia, led by Julius Caesar of the Roman Republic against Vercingetorix of the Gallic tribes, was a very influential battle apart of the Gallic Wars that took place in what is known today as Alise-Sainte-Reine in France. These wars started with the Conquest of Gaul in 52 B.C.E. by Julius Caesar, who began all of the fighting because of the threat that he had perceived from the Gallic threat to Italy, specifically Rome. He was appointed as the governor to the Cisalpine and Transalpine Gauls with absolute authority. Over time he slowly conquered the Gallic tribes known as the Helvetii, Belgae, and Nervii, which brought in a lot of money because of a larger amount to tax. With this success and huge gain in money also came enemies like Marcus Porcius Cato who began campaigns to overthrow Caesar. Caesar had run into trouble in his attempt to invade Britain, trouble being the Gauls led by Ambiorix, destroying Roman resources, about one -fourth of the Roman army, and a fairly large amount of the food supply, causing the Romans to go into a defense mode. Because of this change into a defensive stance the Gallic tribes noticed that they could regain independence from Rome with war, declaring Vercingetorix, a prince from the Arverni tribe from modern-day France, as one of the army commanders for the Gallic tribes who united to defeat Caesar. Vercingetorix beat Caesar at the Batlle of Gergovia with his guerilla warfare strategies,Show MoreRelatedThe Downfall Of Julius Caesar2075 Words   |  9 PagesJulius Caesar was and still is considered to be one of the greatest military generals in history. His combination of leadership skills, military genius, and speaking ability propelled him to the forefront of Roman society. Born on June 12/13 100 B.C., Caesar was born into an ancient aristocratic family. Around the age of 16 after his father had died, Caesar had joined the military. It was apparent from this time onward tha t Caesar was especially gifted in the arts of strategy and warfare. By theRead MoreRome, Father Of Western Civilization1634 Words   |  7 Pagesof names like Augustus, Constantine, Trajan, and of course Julius Caesar. These men did not accomplish their victories with their own bare hands, but with the loyalty and fervor of their men, their appendages. These men, are not unlike us today, they had families, friends, ambitions, and emotions, and despite how separated they may seem to us by time, and culture, they still bled for their nation, and their people. The men under Caesar, a professional, cold-blooded army didn’t start that way. InRead MoreThe Roman Empire Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesGaul just north of Italy but it was filled with barbarians. There were three wealthy generals for Rome during that time Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Marcus Licinius Crassus. Julius Caesar got the hardest task of taking over Gaul, and it proved that Julius Caesar would be the greatest Roman general. Julius Caesar was facing barbaric people led by a former Roman who fought alongside Caesar. He used tactics he knew Romans had never seen before the tactics he used was called guerrilla warfare. That meant heRead MoreJulius Caesar And Aurelia Cotta2835 Words   |  12 Pages+ Born to Gaius Julius Marius Caesar and Aurelia Cotta in 13th of Quintilis (July) 100 B.C. was a baby that would change the history of Rome, Gaius Julius Caesar. Julius came from a family that was known to have the blood of both of kings who wield the greatest power amongst men, and the gods who in turn held power, even over Kings. When Julius was fifteen his father died and he became the man of the house, with links with the Populares through his first wife Cornelia and his aunt Julia, who had

Amitai Etzioni a New Community - 1322 Words

What is a community? To many it is a social group of any size whose members reside in a specific locality, share government, and often have a common cultural and historical heritage. For many this is an abstract term. Many people don’t exactly know what a community is. It can be felt or touched and sure enough it can’t be seen. Society also plays a role in this relative and abstract term of community. Meaning, the body of human beings generally, associated or viewed as members of a community. Amitai Etzioni in his article â€Å"The New Community† introduces and compares the ideas of two distinct types of social relations, â€Å"gemeinschaft† and â€Å"gesellschaft† and argues for the necessity of both to maintain the social foundations of morality. The†¦show more content†¦A community to me is people coming together and becoming united to help better the environment and the geography around them. Interpersonal relationships play an especial ly important role. This group’s relationship binds people together with the social glue of concord this means that relationships are viewed as real, organic and ends in themselves. People feel connected to others because they feel a unity of spirit and personal connection. Relationships are coreShow MoreRelatedTechnology and Cultures Essay877 Words   |  4 PagesModern society involves the transition of a new era: the transition is partly brought out through the use of cultural tradition, and through the production of new ideas and the invention of new techniques. The latter may be appropriated and adapted from outside a given culture in addition to what can be acquired from within the culture itself by way of exercise of the academic, evaluative, and adaptive capacities. A sustained interest in science is important for at least two reasons. 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Prison Rape Free Essays

string(70) " which ultimately make them more susceptible to creating more crimes\." Prison Rape is no secret in today’s society. The American media has portrayed prison rape as a joke (Don’t drop the soap) in countless films, television shows, and in music, but have not realized the extent of how dangerous this crime is. Some cops even use this method as a means to get a confession from a suspect. We will write a custom essay sample on Prison Rape or any similar topic only for you Order Now A major obstacle in solving Prison rape is the notorious under-reporting of the crime. Only 16 percent of prison rape victims report their victimization. Reasons for under reporting are fear of consequences, shame, guilt, embarrassment, and refuse to relive painful details. This paper explores prison rape and its psychological and physical harm to not only inmates, but to society as well. It also discusses recent efforts to put a stop to prison rape, such as the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 and The National Prison Rape Elimination Commission (NPREC) as well as organizations such as Just Detention International (JDI). Prison Rape is known as sexual intercourse through use of force, intimidation, and threats within prisons. Overcrowding and insufficient staffing are key contributors to prison rape. Most targets of prison sexual assault are young, small, non-violent, first-time offenders. A study of four mid-western states found that 1 in 5 inmates experience some form of pressure or coerced sexual contact while incarcerated. In most cases inmates sexually abuse other inmates. There are also less common cases where correction officers abuse inmates. Americans today tend to believe that this is much more prevalent in female prisons, however there is evidence that women are indeed raped by other female inmates as well and it can cause long term injuries. In a study pertaining to three Mid-western female prisons, 27 percent of the inmate population confessed to being sexually coerced. Although it is no secret male correction officers are sexually abusing female inmates, little to nothing has been done to reduce the male officer rate in female facilities. During Human Rights Watch’s examination of five prisons, the organization discovered that lesbian and transgendered inmates were more likely to be sexually assaulted by correctional officers. Officers target these groups because they want to enforce gender stereotypes. According to Calhoun and Coleman, inmates say about 20 percent of prison guards sexually coerce inmates. Inmates raped by correction officers usually do not report the crime because they are frequently disbelieved which only contributes to the problematic relationship between inmates and officers. According to the Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape (PCAR): †¢Rates of HIV are 3 times higher inside prisons then outside of one. †¢Female inmates have been impregnated because of staff sexual abuse. Male rape survivors become much more violent upon release which may ever conclude in them raping others. †¢Many survivors blame themselves, †¢Experience psychological consequences. HIV is not the only disease common in prison rape. Rape victims are more susceptible to diseases such as Syphilis and Hepatitis then the outside community. The rate of Hepatitis C among the general population is 1. 8%, while 14% of New York’s prison population is infected with the disease. Even more so, 33% of California’s prison population is infected with the disease. It is obvious that the disease mentioned, are all sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The assault, anger, and violence in these attacks make these diseases so much more susceptible because there is blood and other bodily fluids being exchanged. Even inmates performing consensual sex in prison still have a higher rate of these diseases due to they lack of safe sex procedure such as condoms. This can have a major effect society as a whole because once a victim of prison rape is release, they can carry these diseases without even know and spreading it to the general public. I believe if there were educational programs about STDs and STD testing in prisons, there might be a good chance prison rape can decline. If a rapist is aware that STDs are more common in prisons rather then the public and that his actions can result in him contracting an STD, he might re consider raping another victim. Contrary to popular belief sexually transmitted diseases are not the only physical harm victims of prison rape endure. Many rape victims endure broken bones, broken noses, bruises, cuts, concussions, and the obvious genital injuries. Sexual assaults also increases violent behavior in prisons because inmates who feel like they may be a future target of sexually assault, defend themselves, and lash out in these violent rages and fights to establish themselves with a â€Å"tough guy† reputation to prevent any sexual misconduct from other inmates. Supreme Court Justice Harry Blackmun once said, â€Å"Prison rape not only threatens the lives of those who fall prey to their aggressors, but it is potentially devastating to the human spirit. Shame, depression, and a shattering loss of self-esteem accompany the perpetual terror the victim thereafter must endure. † Victims do not only suffer physical consequence due to these rapes. It is very common for victims to develop psychological illnesses as well. Victims of prison sexual assault frequently suffer from rape trauma syndrome or post traumatic stress disorder. Upon release of prison some victims will turn to substance abuse to cope with the emotion and mental damage while incarceration. In some instances victims have been reported to committing suicide, which only adds to fatality factor of this crime. There are some cases in which the victim became so used to being in a homosexual relationship while incarcerated, resulting in him/her to change their sexual orientation. Although homosexuality is not a negative psychological disease, the complete change in sexual orientation itself, due to this rape is not a healthy way to live. Some studies have shown that victims released from jail become much more sexually violent with the female partners. Incarcerated individuals who were raped and psychologically harmed pose as a threat to society because studies have shown that once they are release they become much more violent and anti-social then before they were incarcerated which ultimately make them more susceptible to creating more crimes. You read "Prison Rape" in category "Papers" One of the worse social effects prison rape can have on the public is racism. According to G. J. Knowles black offenders and white victims are more common in male prisons while white offenders and black victims are more common in female prisons. Overtime victims begin to feel a hatred for the offender, which can evolve to a hatred for the offender’s race. Many of the stated problems resulting from prison rape have been used to form movements and organizations to stop prison rape. On September 4th, 2003 President George Bush signed the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003 (PREC). It is the first United States law passed dealing with prison rape. PREC was supported by numerous diverse organizations. PREA adopted a â€Å"zero-tolerance† policy, aimed to diminish prison rape. PREA also increased the penalties of staff members and officers who are found to be sexually abusing inmates. PREA set standards on how to detect and prevent sexual assault in prisons. Through PREA the Department of Justice was ordered to put the prevention of prison rape as a top priority in prison throughout the United States. The Bureau Of Justice was also order to produce an annual report on prison rape. The DOJ as came up with a review panel that strictly dealt with hearings pertaining to prison rapes. There were also a few bureaus under the Department of Justice such as The Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), Bureau of Justice Assistance (BJA) whose primary role is to award grant funds to state governments for addressing inmate sexual assault, The National Institute of Justice (NIJ) whose role is to research the impact of sexual abuse in prison rape victims, as well as investigating and prosecuting offenders of prison rapes, and The Nation Institute of Corrections (NIC) which trains and educate agencies and correction officers to help reduce sexual abuse in prisons. PREA also fought out to protect the Eighth Amendment (cruel and unusual punishment not me inflicted) right of local, state and federal prisons. One of the most important results of the PREA was the birth of the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission (NPREC). Perk’s mission is to study local, state, and federal government policies and practices on sexual misconduct with in prisons. The commission reports their conclusions and findings to The Congress, The President, and many more important agencies pertaining to this issue. NPREC had 9 commissioners, 3 appointed by the president and 6 appointed by congress. Federal judge Reggie Walton was the commissioner. Other appointed members were John Kaneb, James Aiken, Jamie Felner, Brenda Smith, Gus Puryear, Pat Nolan, and Cindy Struckman-Johnson. Each candidate supplied surveys and in depth analysis of prison rape. Members of the commission research the relationship between prison inmates and the conditions in which they live. There have been other efforts, such as, the House Bill No. 642 try to eliminate prison rapes. Connecticut State Representative Pat Dillon says two types of people are usually targeted in prison, Non-Violent offenders and inmates of small stature. Dillon statesthat simple procedure can be done to prevent a rape attack. She quotes â€Å" You don’t take a 120 pound non-violent offender and put him in a cell with a 200 pound sex offender. † On one hand I agree with Dillon’s idea of matching cellmates according to stature. But on the other hand I insist that this is not a matter that can be easily prevented. Yes separating cellmates due to stature works but it will most certainly no solve the ongoing battle with prison rape. It is a much more complicated situation. One of the main threshold’s to the development of the Prison Rape Elimination Act, was a paper released two years earlier by the Human Rights Watch, titled â€Å"No Escape: Male rape in the US†. Joanne Marnier was the head author of this paper and had advertisements put in prison magazines such as Prison Legal news and Prison Life Magazine. After having these advertisements out, Mariner received letters containing graphic accounts of inmates being sexually assaulted and was very detailed. â€Å"No Escape† surveyed prison systems in 34 states. According to â€Å"No Escape† prisons ran by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice have the worst incidents of prison rapes. Prior to the release of â€Å"No Escape† there were very few studies of prison rape. This paper is noted at the stepping-stone to publicizing how brutal and inhumane these rapes are. In my opinion PREA is a brilliant idea in way to approach this devastating situation, however more need to be done. Because most inmates who were sexually abused will not admit to their abuse, there is a lack in how much help can actually be given. I believe in order to fully solve this prison rape issue, we must first solve the under reported factor of this crime. There have been other organization and movements to stop prison rape. Just Detention International (JDI) is an anti-prison rape organization, created in 1980 by Russell Smith. The original name of the organization was founded as People Organized to Stop the Rape of Imprisoned Persons (POSRIP). Due to its expansion with other countries, such as South Africa, Mexico, Canada, and The Philippines, the organization changed their name. According to the Just Detention website the founder, Russell Smith as well as many of them members of the organization were members of prison rape and are not paid for their work with the organization. JDI was formed during a time when prisoner rape was not so popular and wasn’t an issue to the public. It was one of the only anti-prison rape groups of its time. JDI played a big role with the Prison Rape Elimination Act and worked with Senators and Representatives. JDI played a prominent role in ensuring the PREA follows through with safety from prison rape. JDI has also helped as support systems for individuals who are recently release from jailed and have survived prison rape. Another supportive organization of anti- prison rape is the Human Rights Watch. HRW was actually even responsible for publishing the â€Å"No Escape: Male Rape in the US†. HRW ran several studies on prison rape and concluded that at least 140,000 inmates in United States prisons are most likely to get raped. On the human rights website, many articles are written targeting prison rape as an issue as well. In conclusion, prison rape has been a growing problem that has been kept under wraps for several decades. Prison rape has not only affected inmates but the public as well. Prison rapes have left inmates with deadly diseases such as HIV, Hepatitis, and Syphilis. Victims of prison rape also suffer from psychological disorders and are know to become much more violent and anti social upon release Physical and well as psychological harm to the inmate can spread to the general public upon release. There have been recent efforts to suppress prison rape such as the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, signed by President George Bush. An important factor branching out from the PREA is the National Prison Rape Elimination Commission, which consisted of 9 individuals who studied on the matter extensively. The commission sought to decline prison rape by visiting prisons and checking up on procedure and making sure the laws passed in the PREA are being played out in prisons. Other non-government organizations have been formed to take a stand against prison rape. Organizations such as Just Detention International and the Human Rights Watch have been a strong force to decline prison rape. Although there have been many efforts to ban these heinous acts, I believe more has to be done because at the end of the day, prison rape is still very existent in today’s prisons. How to cite Prison Rape, Papers

Conceptualising Recovery in Mental Health Rehabilitation Samples

Question: Discuss about the Conceptualising Recovery in Mental Health Rehabilitation. Answer: Introduction: Mental well-being and mental health are the prime aspects of a persons life. WHO statistics have shown that 15 % of the world population suffers from some or the other mental illness. Psychological problems and mental health illness contribute to reduce the quality of life and opportunities for a person. In this essay we would discuss how mental health issues plague the adults in New Zealand. According to a survey conducted for the year 2012-2013 one in every 6 adults is suffering from some mental disorder or illness in New Zealand. These illnesses can be as common as anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. According to this survey about 200, 000 adults that are around 6 % of the adult population of the country suffers from psychological distress. The highest rate of 24% has been noted for adult women between 35-44 years of age. In this essay the chosen age group are woman age between 35 to 45 years of age, this age were characterized by Erikson as generatively verses self-absorpti on. In general at this stage the middle adulthood tend to be the most productive age towards family, qualification as profession and high social contribution in society to supporting the next generation. On the other hand the feel of frustration and unrealistic goals in life can create self-absorption. If we look deeper middle age women tend to be the subject of reproductive experience of possible pregnancy , infertility and menopause at this strange and early in life. These issue may have the impact on woman physical and mental health such as depression , anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and others mental illnesses. Many researchers have concluded through their studies that social environment is the factor that is prominent in the development of many mental developments. In the recent decades social exclusion/ inclusion has come up numerous times when discussing about social disadvantage. Numerous researches in Europe and UK have been conducted to determine the link between social exclusion and disability but not many studies have been done on the link between social exclusion and mental health issues. According to the paper presented by Susan Cuthbert titled Mental health and Social Inclusion concepts and Measurements adults suffering from mental health issues are the most excluded group in the society. This exclusion affects their everyday lives as they are not able to enjoy their life in community and the society. The Mental Health Foundation of New Zealand and Like Minds, Like Mine conducted a research under the title Respect costs nothing in the year 2004 that reports about the discrimination that the people experience if they suffer from mental illness in the society. People with health issues reported discrimination on all levels in their lives whether it be education, housing, employment in the hands of their family, friends and community. This discrimination forces them to feel excluded from social gatherings and thus preventing them to take part in many activities. Lets first understand what social inclusion means, it is a multidimensional and complex process that involves the denial or lack of resources, services, goods and rights which in turn leads to the inability to take part in activities and to form normal relationships. Only a small portion of the society is subject ed to this discrimination that affects the quality of life of these individuals(Levitas, 2006),(Levitas R, 2007). Social inclusion depends on four systems that are legal and democratic system, the labor market, community system and family and the welfare system. The person only feels a sense of belonging when all the four systems are there. These four systems are equally crucial and important. Social inclusion also depends on the two concepts of rights and participation. When social inclusion has a right based approach citizens are excluded when they are deprived of their citizenship right. This refers to the economic, civil, cultural and social rights of the individuals in the community. The citizens have these rights that are present in international as well as domestic legislature. Huxley in the year 2012 highlighted through his research that right based approach is important in mental health(Huxley P, 2012). It is due to the fact that if a person is excluded that he is being den ied his right that he or she is entitled to. These rights include political and civil rights that they are being denied. The mental health legislature in the New Zealand states that even during treatment these individuals have the right to be treated with respect and dignity whether the treatment is involuntary or voluntary. A participatory approach is the one that focuses on the extent of participation of the individual in their social environment. This approach involves the identification of the activities through which a person is involved in the community and society around them. Some of these activities could be work, education and social interaction with family and friends. Employment is a large component of any ones life but barriers like self-stigma and discrimination affects it. Self-stigma occurs due to lack of self-esteem and confidence which is a result of the discrimination a person faces in the society(Crisp A. H., 2000)(Thornicroft G., 2007). There are also some overl apping concepts with social inclusion some of which are poverty, social model of disability, recovery, quality of life and discrimination(Silver H, 2003). Social inclusion is a more wider and broader term for deprivation in context to poverty. Poverty is material, economic and resource based deprivation that is in total contrast to social inclusion(Morgan C, 2007). In social inclusion loss of meaningful relationship, discrimination and loss of roles occurs that affects the mental well-being of a person(Link B, 2004). Another overlapping concept to social inclusion is Social model of Disability which states that a person suffering from some kind of disability is a disadvantage to the society. Sayce through his research showed the link between the social model of disability and social inclusion(Sayce, 2000). He stressed how people with mental health issues can only achieve social inclusion when our society changes. Other researchers as Repper and Perkins have also supported the need of social reintegration as the most important factor for recovery in mentally ill(Perkins, 2003). These researchers have focused on the society who excludes these people rather than just concentrating on the excluded. Recovery which is living in the absence or presence of a mental illness is used in different ways. It is also used to define the personal journey that a person takes to get well. Social inclusion is included in social recovery but many argue that recovery is linked to medical model and individual pathology. Discrimination and social inclusion are strongly linked as they give rise to one another. Discrimination stands for the unfavorable treatment of a person from another person in similar circumstances or situation. It can be both indirect and direct. This barrier to social inclusion prevents a person to participate in everyday activities and to exercise their rights. There are numerous other barriers to social inclusion such as self-stigma, lack of support and mental impairment. (Hills, 2002) The Blue print II is a bold vision that focuses on improving the mental well-being and health of all New Zealanders. It is a ten year recovery approach that is independent and evidence based advice from the Mental Health Commission of New Zealand. Through this recovery model everyone will participate in protecting the mental well-being. This approach will focus on people who have addiction issues along with mental health problems. It will also focus on indigenous people where Whanau or well-being involves the equal participation of their family members. There are numerous priorities in this model as the Mental Health commission has realized that we need to respond earlier in order to provide a good start to children associated with addiction issues. This model especially focuses on adults that suffer from addiction and mental health issues as these individuals need support to return to normal functioning, to be independent and to remain healthy. The Mental health commission has reali zed that minor changes wont do any good but a stepped care approach is needed to promote self-care. This can only be achieved through ensuring that the ringfence funds that were set in blueprint I stage are flexible enough to extend and integrate all specialist, community and primary services. The monitoring of the model will be done through regular sector visits and public reporting that provides information about the progress at service and population level. The Blueprint I which was published in the year 1998 provided services to the 3% most severely affected people with addiction and mental health issues. But with Blueprint II the Mental Health Commission is broadening the focus through inter agency partners and broader healthcare. This recovery model is also not a government policy same as the Blueprint I as it is an independent advice by the Mental Health Commission of New Zealand. Through 1998 to 2005 with the Blueprint I the policy focus was on severely mentally ill people b ut there is an acknowledgement in the society about the needs of people who are suffering from moderate and mild mental health issues. The mental health addiction strategy TeTehuhu (2005-2015) along with the associated plan Te Kakiri (2006-2015) has broadened the focus from severely affected. Since the year 2005 there is a constant progress in development of primary mental health initiatives that promotes self-help activity such as Like minds, like mine, destigmatisation campaign and The National Depression. Along with this government agencies has increased their focus on addiction and mental health issues by launching initiatives that influence care of young people and support them to get back on the workforce. Adults with addiction and mental health issues are encouraged to take part in building of their own treatment plans. This recovery model has a people directed and people centered approach which works well in partnership with people who suffer from addiction and mental health issues. The model that was already developed and introduced in Blueprint I has only grown stronger with the introduction of Blueprint II. The need to provide stronger partnership in services along with information, self-determination in shaping policies at national level has been recognized. The central point of any social inclusion strategy or initiative is the belief that individuals suffering from mental health issues will make a positive and practical contribution to their surroundings. Arguably the most crucial group to consider in partnership in mental health services formation is the Service users(Gawith, 2006).The Ministry of Health strategic document titled Rising to the challenge 2012-2017: Mental Health and Addiction Service Development plan continues to focus on recovery. Lurie in the year 2005 stated that New Zealand in a way changed the direction as to how mental health policies were formulated and designed. It was in the year 1994 that the New Zealand government following the trend of introducing strategic plans introduced Looking Forward: Strategic directions of The Mental Health services plan. Another plan Moving forward: The National Mental Health Plan for More and Better services in 1997 was introduced that focused on the resources needed. In the year 1998 Like Minds, Like mine was set up that increased the awareness about mental illness through media programs and campaigns. But it was only in the year 2014 that Te Tahuhu, our lives in 2014 that was a New Zealand Mental Health and Addiction plan focused on service users visions. This document was about the Tangata whaiora who is a person seeking wellness. It included the statement that mentally ill people wanted a society and Whanau that values them as participating members who have the same opportunities and rights. Te Tahuhu had an associated plan that was Te Kokiri that provided services that especially focused on the needs of community, Whanau/ family and the service providers. All these strategies and policies emphasize the tenets of social inclusion and stress on the fact that all citizens should have equal opportunities to take part in the society, have productive relationships and involvement in the workforce. These plans focused on building of partnerships between NGOs, mental health services users, clinical provider services and the Ministry of Health. They also highlighted the partnership between education, justice, social services, correction, housing, and employment. Therapeutic relationships and nursing has been the topic of numerous studies since the 1950s. A continued commitment to work in partnership with the mental health patient is needed by every nurse who work with these individuals. Partnership in Coping is a recovery model that was designed in Australia that applied the recovery oriented approach to nursing practice. This model draws on the holistic perspective of mental health nursing(Lloyd C, 2008). Where the nurse has numerous informal contacts with the patient, has a positive and healing relationship with the client and has knowledge about the patient(Webb, 2013). This model focuses on the strengths of the service users. This model focuses on the notion that patient has the understanding about their needs. The nurse should work in collaboration with the patient and consider their cultural beliefs and background(Beggs, 2013). It emphasizes the service user involvement in their recovery. It draws on the commitment of nursing that ther apeutic relationships work well in partnership. This partnership of two people working together in order achieve a common goal works well in mental healthcare(Wand T, 2015). Nurses need to support their patients in understanding their experiences as they should refrain themselves to explain the experiences for the patients(Lowe, 2001). The informal nature and holistic approach are the most crucial aspects of nursing that are needed when working with mental health patients. This model is about six steps which include development of conditions that facilitates the user, identify the concern of the patients, negotiate the goals with the service users, identify the strategies that the patient is using to cope and offer new ones if they are unable to identify the strategies for themselves, apply these strategies and measure the outcome(Martensson, et al., 2014). In each of these steps there is a clear involvement of the service user in their recovery. A nurse should focus on negotiated c are and in the development of a dependable and consistent relationship with the patient. Best way to evaluate patient need in mental health is to focus not only on physical health but the social support interaction for example:- family and social contact, such as friends and community contribution. Encourage and providing an ongoing support from mental health profession team can enhance patient's recovery and promoting social inclusion(Repper, 2010) Conclusion The people who suffer from mental illnesses need psycho-social assistance along with clinical care. They need the support of their family, health professionals and friends to encompass interpersonal relationships, work, education, leisure activities, housing, transport and income. The recovery process for them is a self-directed transition towards a meaningful life but they need continuous support to achieve it. This support involves a range of services, opportunities, social inclusion and responsibility. Therefore to provide an effective mental health care an integration is needed in primary, secondary and tertiary services at all levels. Social stigma, and discrimination faced by the mentally ill are barriers to their recovery therefore awareness is needed in the society. Responsibility and empowerment are key aspects of recovery which health professionals should always focus on(Drinkwater, 2013). They should work on the notion that mentally ill are capable of understanding their n eeds and can work along with them to recover well. As through this essay we came to know social inclusion is linked to a persons recovery it is crucial that the discrimination that these people experience in the society should be minimized(Diener, 2011). This discrimination is impacting their lives and preventing them to enjoy and function normally. It is a basic human right to have relationships with other people but discrimination and stigma prevents the mentally ill to practice this right. References Beggs, G. (2013). Nimbin: An alternative culture, an alternative clinical approach an integrated community mental health drug and alcohol nurse practitioner approach. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 65-69. Crisp, A.H, Gelder, M.G,Rix, S.,Meltzer,H. I, Rowlands, O.J, (2000). Stigmatisation of people with mental illnesses. British Journal of Psychiatry, 177(1), 47. Diener, E. . Chan, M.Y (2011). Happy people live longer: Subjective well-being contributions to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-being, 3(1), 67-74. Drinkwater, V. (2013). Collaborative approach to the management of acute behavioural disturbance. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 31(2), 6. Gawith, L. P. (2006). Long Journey to recovery for Kiwi consumers:Recent developments in mental health policy and pratcice in New Zealand . Australian Psychologist , 140-148. Hills, J. L. (2002). Understanding social exclusion. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Huxley P, Evans S,Madge S,Webber M,Burchardt T,McDaid D,Knapp M. (2012). Development of a social inclusion index to capture subjective and objective life domains (Phase II): psychometric development study. Health Technol Assess., 16(1), 1-24 L., Sayce. (2000). From Psychiatric Patient to Citizen: Overcoming Discrimination and Social Exclusion. . London: Palgrave. Levitas R, Pantazis, C, Fahmy, E, Gordon, D, Lloyd,E, Patsios, D, (2007). The Multi-Dimensional Analysis of Social Exclusion. Bristol: University of Bristol. Levitas, R. (2006). The concept and measurement of social exclusion. Bristol: Policy Press. Link B, Phelan JC (2004). Fear of people with mental illness: the role of personal and impersonal contact and exposure to threat or harm. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour. , 45(1), 68-80. Lloyd, C., Waghorn, G., Williams, P. (2008). Conceptualising Recovery in Mental Health Rehabilitation.The British Journal Of Occupational Therapy,71(8), 321-328. Lowe, J., Struthers, R. (2001). A Conceptual Framework of Nursing in Native American Culture.Journal Of Nursing Scholarship,33(3), 279-283. Martensson, G., Jacobsson, J., Engstrm, M. (2014). Mental health nursing staff's attitudes towards mental illness: an analysis of related factors.Journal Of Psychiatric And Mental Health Nursing, 21(9), 782-788. Morgan, C., Burns, T., Fitzpatrick, R., Pinfold, V., Priebe, S. (2007). Social exclusion and mental health: Conceptual and methodological review.The British Journal Of Psychiatry,191(6), 477-483. Repper, J. and Perkins, R. (2003). Social Inclusion and Recovery. Edinburgh.: Balliere Tindal. Repper, J. (2003). Adjusting the focus of mental health nursing: Incorporating service users' experiences of recovery.Journal Of Mental Health,9(6), 575-587. Silver H, Miller, S.M. (2003). Social exclusion: the European approach to social disadvantage. Indicators, 45(2), 1-17. Thornicroft, G., Rose, D., Kassam, A., Sartorius, N. (2007). Stigma: ignorance, prejudice or discrimination?.The British Journal Of Psychiatry,190(3), 192-193. Wand, T., D'Abrew, N., Barnett, C., Acret, L., White, K. (2015). Evaluation of a nurse practitioner-led extended hours mental health liaison nurse service based in the emergency department.Australian Health Review,39(1), 1. Webb, K. C. (2013). Expanding the clinical practice domains and developing collaborative models of care - The mental health nurse and family based treatment (FBT) for young people and their families who are experiencing anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. International journal of mental health nursing , 3-4. Mental Health Commission. November 1998. Blueprint for Mental Health Services in New Zealand: How things need to be. Wellington: Mental Health Commission.

Analysis The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty

Analysis The World Is Flat A Brief History of the Twenty Central Theme The central theme in this book as portrayed by Friedman, is how globalization has changed some of the core economic areas. According to Friedman, the world has become flat through various transformations such as technological advancement and enhanced communication (Friedman, 2006).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis: â€Å"The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century† by Thomas Friedman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In an attempt to explain how the world has become flat, Friedman discusses major steps under which globalization has taken place; in fact he defines these ten steps as ‘world flatteners’ (Friedman, 2006). Friedman argues that around the year 2000, the world entered a new era; this is the era of globalization where accessibility of information has become easier which is what he describes as flattened world where there is equal playing fi eld of economic achievements. It is during this time that people have found new ways through which they can collaborate; these ways are referred in the book as the â€Å"world flatteners† (Friedman, 2006). For instance, the fifth flattener also known as outsourcing Friedman explains that the advancement in technology has enabled companies to delegate jobs in remote countries which reduce costs by way of internet communication. Again due to occurrence of globalization, people are now able to connect and interact much faster through several communication channels more rapidly than before as stipulated in the steroids flattener that involves use of wireless sharing of information such as iPods and other personal devices. Indeed, the world now has equal opportunity for all people and therefore competition in the business sector has just taken a new twist. As such, Friedman compares the modern business trends which he describes to be similar to a river, because of the way they hav e streamlined sale of products (Friedman, 2006). With increased competition comes equal opportunities and equalized income which means that US is now under more pressure to remain competitive in many areas in order to remain relevant as a superpower since they will be facing a lot of challenges from other countries; notably, India and China which are becoming more advanced.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Relevance The concept found in book, World is flat, is a series of transformation described as â€Å"world flatteners† which are said to have occurred in the economic and business sectors which have significantly contributed to equalization of the world in many aspects (Friedman, 2006). In comparison to the book, The American Dream by Jason DeParle, the book questions and investigates how America came to achieve so much dominance and power in the m anagement in the world affairs. In the book, The American dream, US is described to have undergone through a lot of transformation to become the greatest economical and political power in the world today (DeParle, 2005). The book posits that this has not been an easy road to success and argues that there is so much that has contributed to America becoming successful. The solidarity that unites US for instance has contributed to the drive and energy that has facilitated innovations and creativity that has driven competition. According DeParle, all that lies within the American great foundation, is a great culture that has been promoted over years, this has consequently contributed to social mobility and growth (2005). This as compared to the book The World is Flat is seen as being the key concepts of success. Similarly, cultural changes have also occurred in the world just as argued in the book The World is flat. The world has become flat as different cultures including those that we re previously threatened have become integrated. In this book, Friedman describes how the world, just like â€Å"The American dream† has accepted changes and embraced technology (2006). Among the changes that have occurred in both cases includes new advancement in technology use of computers, use of fiber optic and the use of wireless communication such as mobile phones, iPods among others.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Analysis: â€Å"The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century† by Thomas Friedman specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, the world has flattened due to various innovations as shown in the book which are seen to have been embraced as described in the out-sourcing flattener where Friedman says that technology has allowed Companies to be able to distribute services and also subcontract some activities through technological advancement. The impact of globalizat ion in US There is no doubt that US has benefited more than it has lost through globalization; this is because globalization has both benefits and adverse effects. The major ways that US has benefited through globalization include enjoying better terms of trade, outsourcing of jobs to other countries, less trade barriers, high cultural integration, improved democracy and enhanced communication through social networks (Nickmaceus, 2010). Some specific ways in which this benefit has occurred in US is through technological advances that have enabled outsourcing of jobs in other countries at cheaper rates and in real time to become possible. Globalization has also made US to be one of the most integrated cultural societies in the world (Bhagwati, 2004). This has major benefits such as skilled labor, promotion of tourism and advancement of neo-colonialism (Denhart, 2007). On the other hand, globalization has its adverse effect; in US this adverse effects include loss of job to foreigners , threat of US internal security due to proliferation of foreigners and increased brand competition from other countries when it comes to trade. Public Affairs Relevance The main theme addressed in the book The World is flat, is globalization. Globalization is described as a situation whereby â€Å"regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade† (Friedman, 2005). This is very similar to what the concept of public affairs entails; public affair is concerned with the relationship between government activities and other elements in the society. Because of globalization countries have been able to interact and do more trade with other countries globally much easier than before facilitated by the current technological advancement that we have.Advertising Looking for research paper on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This means that, factors of globalization are very much reflected in public affairs issues such as economic and social system. Indeed, in today’s world, economic integration has also enhanced cultural integration. In fact, these two issues are the main factors of globalization. Other characteristic of globalization includes increased communication, shared cultures, electronic commerce, improved infrastructure, and democracy (Dunnigan, 2006). These two are found intertwined in various public affairs such as good governance which is democracy, economic growth, increased job opportunities, promotion of international trade, international tourism, social equity and poverty eradication. It is therefore clear that public affairs issues are directly correlated with globalization issues as discussed in the two books. It is by reading them that I have been able to realize this clear link between public affairs issues and globalization and its relevance in governance. References Bhagwat i, A. (2004). In Defense of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press. Friedman, T (2005). Its a Flat World After All. New York Times Magazine. Web. Denhart, T. (2007). Theories of Public Organization, 5th edition. Stamford, CT: Wadsworth Publishing. DeParle, J. (2005). American Dream. New York: Penguin Group. Dunnigan, J. (2006). The Costs of the War on Terror. Web. Friedman, T. (2006). The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. Nickmaceus, K. (2010). Globalization and the United States: Positive and Negative  Impacts on American Domestic Policies. Web.

A comparison of two television adverts Essay Example

A comparison of two television adverts Essay Example A comparison of two television adverts Essay A comparison of two television adverts Essay Television is the most important medium for advertising, and advertising is a vital component of traditional TV business models. It has always been difficult to assess the benefits of TV advertising as advertisers have traditionally had only a vague idea of who may have seen a particular advert and the actual impact on them. However, they can try and target an audience specifically e. g. time, channel of advert, etc. Most channels gain over 50% of their revenue from TV advertising firms. Without TV adverts, we probably wouldnt buy half the products that are on show in shops. TV advertising also generates millions of pounds for TV channels, and this keeps the channel running. In fact, the main source of income is through advertising. Television is also the most reached audience, more than newspapers, the internet, the radio and even magazines. On the other hand, television advertising is the most expensive type of advertising to use. A 30 second clip on a national channel can cost up to i 20,000. I will compare two adverts promoting similar products, and see the differences in advertising methods and measure the successful effects on its target audience. The advert for the Vauxhall Corsa is 40 seconds long, consisting of 26 scenes. The car can be seen many times during this short advert. This instantly attracts the viewers attention. At one point 11 cars can be seen at once. This advert was found on ITV at a prime-time slot where Vauxhall believed it would attract the most number of people. The advert starts off with one vehicle and a voice over say, 1, 2, 3, as the car parks into a car park. This is a close-up shot of the car. The next scene is the original vehicle being surrounded by 10 other cars of the same model. Repetition is a good device to use for adverts as it creates a lasting memory effect in the viewers mind. The vehicles are all of bright colours e. g. red, white and blue. Bright colours are also useful as they can commonly create a positive link with the viewers perception. Once the voice-over has counted to 3, then the other vehicles start to drive off in different directions. As this happens, music is introduced into the advertisement. This is touch sensitivity by the fall. This song is happy and joyful. It has a guitar melody playing alongside with the cars movements. We see the cars doing various manoeuvres and trying to hide as the vehicles are playing hide and seek. This game between the vehicles creates a fast paced advert; another device commonly used by companies which can either create a good or bad effect depending on other various factors such as music, background colour and product. The first impression is effective because it instantly has the attention of the viewer. The catchy music plays a big role, but also with a lot of cars moving around fast and close together it is easy for viewers to remember. The cars are seen hiding in various places such as a lift, a supermarket and a rubbish skip. By using common places of public interest, the viewers can easily identify themselves with the product. The way the vehicles manoeuvre into and hide in such places, show the small size and practicality of the car to its target audience which would probably be people who are looking to buy a small, economical car. During the advert there is a good varied use of close, middle and long-distance shots. The close-ups are mainly when there is only 1 vehicle in sight. Long distance shots are used when there are a multiple number of cars. All the way through the advert there are many sound effects including the original vehicle being driven on gravel. Also, there is a vehicle jumping into a rubbish skip which is full of rubbish, causing a sound. There is also the sound of a bell in a lift when the doors open revealing the car, once again creating familiarity with the audience. This emphasizes the small size of the car to its target audience. As the original car has counted up to 100 in the game and starts to travel to find the others, another car is revealed from just behind a metal sheet off a building site. This leaves a comedic, lasting effect on the audience that helps them remember the advert after its gone. As the advert finishes off with the word Corsa and Vauxhall the logo and website address are also displayed. The advert for the Volvo 850 T-5 is 39 seconds and is very different to the first advert. It uses different devices to promote the product as it has a different target audience and because it is a different vehicle. The advert begins with a very short half second close up of a man, the viewer can instantly tell the fear on his face and in his eyes even in such a short scene. The next scene is a long distance scene of cloud and lightening going to the floor. So we already know that this is a very different advert from the Corsa advert. This has a completely different tone and mood. The viewer already sees that this advert is using a different method to promote its advert and the image created is dissimilar to the first advert. Whereas the first advert is a very happy and joyful advert with music that matches it. On the other hand this is a tense, serious advert. We see the vehicle being driven through the twister pathway and there is a lot of rubbish flying around, this shows the vehicle in an unrealistic environment. A deep south talking American man is used as the voice-over. There is also a camera shot of a woman screaming out loud whilst stuck in the tornado. Most British viewers will not be able to familiarize themselves with this particular advert as there are hardly any tornadoes in the U. K. and we dont talk with an American accent. On the other hand, the Corsa used public places of interest that many people use so it was far more of a friendlier advert in terms of association. We also see large debris such as the oil rig and the house being torn apart from the tornado. The voice-over used in the Corsa advert was only used to count random numbers up to 100; unlike the Volvo advert where the voice-over is used to describe the tornado. He explains where and what a tornado is, whilst the viewer is able to see the Volvo dodging objects around a desert like area. Manoeuvrability is very important, the man says, as the car is frantically moving out of the way of flying debris. Here, the advert is trying to create a link between the tornado and the car, which is emphasizing the cars force. The music in the background is quite sombre but builds up with a crescendo of tension as the advert progresses. Again, this creates high levels of tension which makes the viewer aware of what is going on.

Proliferation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Proliferation - Research Paper Example In the year 1993, the inspectors from IAEA were denied access to the North Korean sites. Specifically they were denied access to two sites, (Mozley 101). In the same year North Korea withdrew from NPT and made it harder for the IAEA to conduct its affairs, (Cronin 57). In 1994, the United States of America had bilateral negotiations with North Korea and agreed of a framework. This framework demanded that North Korea freezes its plutonium for ten years. It was also to allow IAEA inspector into its sites, (Smith 20). This was to confirm that it is as willing to freeze the plutonium. It turned out that both countries were never satisfied with the agreed framework, (Khan 133). The agreed framework collapsed later when the president of United States, George Bush, ascended to power in the year 2001. North Korea announced in the year 2009 that it had come up with nuclear weapons. It is estimated that North Korea posses a small cache of elementary and basic nuclear weapons. North Korea has a substantive arsenal of nuclear weapons, (Mozley 101). North korea has been part of NPT up to 2003. North korea withdrew from the treaty after blaming the united states for what it called betrayal, (Cronin 57). The treaty had a major assignment. It was also meant to normalize the relationship between North Korea and other countries. Eventually, this would help North Korea to have got some energy assistance from other countries. In the year 2006, the month of October, the government of North Korea, announced that it had conducted its first nuclear test, (Khan 133). The Japanese seismological authorities together with the United States geological survey confirmed there was an earthquake of a 4.3 magnitude. This tended to be consistent with claims that the nation of North Korea made, (Chinoy 90). In April, the year 2009, there were reports to the effect that North Korea had become a fully fledged nuclear power state, (Mozley 101). This opinion was shared by Mohamed Elbaradei, the gener al director of the IAEA. In the following month of May, 2009, North Korea did conduct another nuclear test, (Khan 133). This time around an earthquake of 4.7 magnitudes was detected. On may 25 2009, a test of nuclear weapon was conducted by North Korea. This time it was a second test. The location of the test was not revealed. This second test involved a nuclear weapon whose magnitude was the same as that of the atomic bombs dropped in Japan during the Second World War. North Korea did not stop at that. It went ahead to test two short-range missiles. This was reported by the South Korean news network, (Chinoy 90). In July 2011, a key person in Pakistan’s nuclear weapons program Abdul Khan, made allegations to the effect that north Korea had fully gained access to the Pakistan’ nuclear technology. This was in the late 1990s. This happened through bribing top Pakistan’s officials. However, the allegations were denied by Pakistan’s authorities, (Smith 20). M r. Khan said that he had assisted in transferring three million US dollars to senior military officers in Pakistan, (Chinoy 90). In the year 2012, a report by the United Nations council showed that between May 2011 and 2012 there was no violations reported with regard to the sanctions imposed to North Korea, (Cronin 57). This concerned with the dual technology involved in making ballistic missiles and nuclear weapons. Sanctions have had some success in stopping North Korea from

Topic on Discrimination - 'Critically analyse pay related gender Essay

Topic on Discrimination - 'Critically analyse pay related gender inequalities between men and women in the workplace under the E - Essay Example Management of gender diversity has a great importance in modern workplaces. Since the Industrial Revolution, women have suffered a lot due to gender bias and have not been able to receive their rightful share. Their suffering has come both in terms of discriminatory behaviour and through unjust pay scales. It was only a matter of time for this issue of inequality to be given attention at higher levels i.e. the Government.1 Forces were set in motion in the early 2000s when pay audits were rendered obligatory for the public sector employers while they remained voluntary for the private sector employers.2 The involvement of public sector has been somewhat fortuitous as there have been many developments in equal pay litigations. The UK Parliament passed a law called Equal Pay Act 1970 according to which men and women were not to be treated in a less favourable manner in terms of pay and work conditions. This Act was merged in the Equality Act 2010. Despite the enactment of a law and othe r obligations, there continue to be some significant gender pay gaps. In 2010, the Office for National Statistics recorded that the difference between the median hourly pay of full-time males and females was 10.2 percent while the gap for all employees was 19.8 per cent. An even wider gap was observed in the private sector where it was 19.8 percent for the median hourly pay of full-time males and females and 27.5 percent for all employees3. It is unfair to hold the employers responsible for this gap entirely. There are also certain other factors that contribute to the generation of this gap. There are particular social structures in which there is an automatic occupational segregation, the work of women is undervalued and the family responsibilities are divided unequally. Yet, these factors are only a partial explanation of this gap. There continues to be a significant amount of discriminatory behaviour by the employers which is why the law is continuing to evolve through case law. While focussing on equal pay, it is to be kept in mind that ‘equal pay’ does not address any grievances that arise among the members of similar sex. It addresses all the terms and conditions of the contract of employment. It is not just that men and women, who hold similar positions in a workplace, must be paid equally; it further delves deeper to ensure that men and women are paid equally for the similar amount of work. Equality Act 2010 was brought in force in 2010 and it replaced Sex Discrimination Act 1975, Race Relations Act 1976, Disability Discrimination Act 1995, Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulations 2003, Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 and the Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 20064. This law has been achieved by following a series of steps. There have been a number of cases of direct discrimination that lead to the formulation of principles regarding discrimination. In order to determine whether a woman’s te rms of employment are not less favourable than a man’s, the courts consider three requirements: i. Like Work This concept has a very wide view. It is defined as ‘work of the same or a broadly similar nature’. This concept is there so that the courts and Employment Tribunals take good care to determine that the work done by men and women has an overall similarity for which they are being paid equally.

Zinc finger proteins Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Zinc finger proteins - Research Paper Example folding characteristics but the most abundant and well studied is the classical â€Å"Cys2–His2† (Laity, Lee, and Wright 39) The nature of ZFP is such that they conveniently act as building blocks for many molecules and often occur in clusters. As such, their molecular nature permits them to be easily shuffled, duplicated or even altered through evolution. In the contemporary biotechnology world, they fit perfectly into re-engineering purposes and technology for numerous binding properties that find important use in research (Chang, Jiao, et al. 1426). ZFP and its high affinity for binding DNA is involved in binding of repressors and transcription activators which are very important in regulating expression of genes in a cell. These ZPF have varied protein folds that dictate DNA binding of specific sequences like the helix-helix-turn which arouses the need to use them in therapy or research. ZFP have structural independence that are conserved and interconnected by linkers (Guo, Gaj and Barbas 96). These linkers are HC and named so because the first and last units are hystidine and cysteine residues. The hallmark radius and pitch of ZFP is gotten from H-C residues perfect interaction leading to right handed helix formation. Zif268 which is a transcript factor contains triple finger domains where the ÃŽ ±-helix interacts with the major groove of DNA (Mandel-Gutfreund, Baron and Margalit 141).Three consecutive DNA bases interact with all the three fingers through hydrogen bonds. Specificity of the interaction is derived from the inte raction of the second positioned amino acid residue on the ÃŽ ±-helix with the triplet of the secondary strand. In the end, the conserved residues undergo tertiary folding while each domain’s specificity is brought by the variable domains (Sumedha, Roy et al. 484). Control and regulation of gene expression has been shown to be an important aspect of ZFP through using specific selected three ZF peptides. This was initially undertaken in

Public Relation Tactics in the Hotel Industry

Public Relation Tactics in the Hotel Industry Introduction The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself. According to an American educator and writer Peter F. Drucker. The aim of marketing is to know and understand the customer so well the product or service fits him and sells itself. According to Al Ries Strategy and timing are Himalayas of marketing. Everything else is Catskills Marketing strategy is a process that can allow an organization to concentrate its limited resources on the greatest opportunities to increase sales and achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. A marketing strategy should be centered on the key concept that customer satisfaction is the main goal The tourism consumer is the critical judge of successful marketing and public relations activities. In todays increasingly competitive marketing environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing techniques towards more aggressive and varied approaches to marketing and communication. The change from transactional to relationship management in marketing over the past fifty years has been marked by improvements in consumer satisfaction and client recommendation of repeat purchase of products and services. Brands today are often built with effective PR campaigns and then maintained through a blend of marketing and PR tactics. The impact of the Internet is having profound impact upon PR and Marketing practices enabling PR practitioners to conduct two way communications in order to maintain and enhance customer relationships. MARKETING The Oberoi Group Oberoi Hotels Resorts is famous the world over with providing the right blend of service and luxury. Internationally acclaimed for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi hotels and resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. The Oberoi Vanyavilas, Ranthambore has been ranked the worlds best hotel by Travel and Leisure Readers Poll for 2010, The Oberoi Amarvilas, Agra has been ranked the fifth best in the world, The Oberoi Rajvilas, Jaipur is ranked the thirteenth best and The Oberoi Udaivilas, Udaipur has been ranked the fifteenth best hotel in the world. . Trident hotels are five-star hotels that have established a reputation for excellence and are acknowledged for offering quality and value. At present there are nine Trident hotels in India. These are located in Mumbai at Bandra Kurla and Nariman Point, Gurgaon (Delhi National Capital Region), Chennai, Bhubaneshwar, Cochin, Agra, Jaipur and Udaipur. The Oberoi Group also operates a Trident hotel in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah. The Groups commitment to excellence, attention to detail and personalized service has ensured a loyal list of guests and accolades in the worldwide hospitality industry. THE OBEROI The Oberoi, Mumbai (Location) Located in the citys prime business and shopping district of Nariman Point, The Oberoi, Mumbai has been completely redesigned to be the ultimate destination for contemporary style and luxury in the city. Overlooking the Arabian Sea, the hotel is full of space and serenity. Luxuriously appointed guestrooms have been meticulously planned with a host of innovative features using the latest technology. The Oberoi, Mumbai is located on Marine Drive, the famed boulevard along the coast in South Mumbai. An hours drive from the airport and only minutes away from the business, financial and entertainment districts, the hotel is also well located to visit the citys tourist attractions. The hotel offers a rich variety of dining experiences ranging from an all day dining restaurant serving global cuisine, to an Italian Restaurant and a signature Indian restaurant under the direction of a Michelin starred chef. An ideal location for business meetings and conferences in Mumbai, venues range from private meeting rooms at the 24-hours Business Centre to the conference rooms on the top floor of the hotel offering sweeping views of the Arabian Sea. The Oberoi, Mumbai is the ideal hotel for discerning business and leisure travelers. Porters fives forces model is an excellent model to use to analyse a particular environment of an industry . So for example . if we were entering the hotel industry, we would use porters model to help us find out about: Marketing Strategy of Oberoi Hotels Marketing strategy is a method of focusing an organizations energies and resources on a course of action which can lead to increased sales and dominance of a targeted market niche. A marketing strategy combines product development, promotion, distribution, pricing, relationship management and other elements; identifies the firms marketing goals, and explains how they will be achieved, ideally within a stated timeframe. Marketing strategy determines the choice of target market segments, positioning, marketing mix, and allocation of resources. It is most effective when it is an integral component of overall firm strategy, defining how the organization will successfully engage customers, prospects, and competitors in the market arena, corporate strategies, corporate missions, and corporate goals. As the customer constitutes the source of a companys revenue, marketing strategy is closely linked with sales. A key component of marketing strategy is often to keep marketing in line with a co mpanys overarching mission statement. The Oberoi Group, founded in 1934, operates 28 hotels and three cruisers in five countries under the luxury Oberoi and five-star Trident brands. The Group is also engaged in flight catering, airport restaurants, travel and tour services, car rentals, project management and corporate air charters. Oberoi Hotels Resorts is synonymous the world over with providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally acclaimed for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi hotels and resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. The Oberoi group has tradition of pioneering in the hospitality industry, striving for unsurpassed excellence in high-potential locations all the way from the Middle East to Asia-Pacific. The basic strategies of the Oberoi hotels are: They provide reservation facilities through toll free numbers and online registrations Oberoi hotels and Resorts has partnered with Indias certified airlines to make consumers satisfied. They promote their service through mileage point which provides customers and travelers some offers depending on their points. Providing special offers such as Himalayan Adventure, exotic honeymoon, exotic vacations, Business travel plus etc. Creating and developing customer loyalty Customer service is important for small businesses of any industry, and developing customer loyalty can increase overall engagement and satisfaction with a company. The concept of Marketing emerged in the mid 1950s when the scope shifted from a make-and-sell-attitude to a more customer focused sense-and-respond attitude. In other words the businesses started to find products for their customers rather than finding customers for their products2. Direct marketing, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and other relationship marketing concepts have been a topic of discussion for practitioners and academics for the later part of the 20th century and is widely claimed to be the future of marketing. Some academics have stated that the concept of relationship marketing is the biggest change in 50 years of marketing and is bringing marketing back to the preindustrial era when the producers and consumers dealt directly with each other3. Relationship marketing is an umbrella term with many subfields and is in general more connected with high-level strategic thinking. CRM has in contrast a stronger connection to marketing strategies over the customer lifetime and understanding the customers needs, attitudes, life stage, profitability and lifetime value. Oberoi Hotels and Resorts, Virgin Atlantic, and Enterprise Rent-A-Car ranked number one in hotel, airline, and rental car industry customer satisfaction, respectively in 2009. In 2009 Oberoi Hotels and Resorts, an Indian brand associated with ultra luxury hotels, earned the highest customer satisfaction score among all hotels (93.7). Midscale without food and beverage (+0.5 to 84.0) improved more than any other segment in 2009. The customer wants value for money and is generally getting discerning. Modern day research being conducted reveals that customer loyalty is taking a back seat. It is now about being innovative, and it is about fulfilling a need not saying, Youre my customer for the last 20 years, and therefore you should be my customer over the next 20. The Oberoi is an organisation that is training oriented, and which has built its brand over the last 30 years. The Oberoi has also exported its brand to some extent internationally. 2Kotler et al., 2009 3Sheth Parvatiyar, 2000 The system therefore that is being put into place is Learn, Perform, Deliver, Reward. A lot of structures are being put into place which are transparent and they created an entire communication drive in order to let people understand how these transparent structures would help them on an ongoing basis. Their vision is to develop their company to achieve world-class standards consistently. The company strategy is based on five important criteria. Job functions have been made more meaningful with new designations and responsibility levels. Rewards will no longer be based on a ten-year system but on performance. With increased responsibility will come greater authority. For greater efforts and increased productivity our people will be rewarded, and Finally, their people shall have more career opportunities in our rapidly growing organisation. They do both internal external customer surveys. When these come in, they have small teams that work towards improvement. Their focus is on Strong People, Product and Processes. Communication has played a tremendous role in getting people to believe them. Oberoi Hotel is synonymous the world over for providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally recognized for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi Hotel has received innumerable awards and accolades. A distinctive feature of The Groups hotel is their highly motivated and well trained staff that provides the kind of attentive, personalized and warm service that is rare today. The hotel provides best facilities like: Combining the finest of all that is contemporary and the best in latest technology with the timeless traditions of Oberoi Hotels Resorts, The Oberoi, Mumbai is the leading choice of business and leisure travelers. The meetings and conference facilities at The Oberoi, Mumbai are designed to accommodate exclusive and intimate business meetings and social gatherings. The well appointed Business Centre features nine meeting rooms that accommodate up to 20 guests. Network and relationship marketing Relationship Marketing was first defined as a form of marketing developed from direct response marketing campaigns which emphasizes customer retention and satisfaction, rather than a dominant focus on sales transactions. As a practice, Relationship Marketing differs from other forms of marketing in that it recognizes the long term value of customer relationships and extends communication beyond intrusive advertising and sales promotional messages. With the growth of the internet and mobile platforms, Relationship Marketing has continued to evolve and move forward as technology opens more collaborative and social communication channels. This includes tools for managing relationships with a customer that goes beyond simple demographic and customer service data. Relationship Marketing extends to include Inbound Marketing efforts, PR, Social Media and Application Development. Just like customer relationship management, (CRM), Relationship Marketing is a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing and nurturing a companys interactions with clients and sales prospects. It also involves using technology to organize, synchronize business processes, (principally sales and marketing activities), and most importantly, automate those marketing and communication activities on concrete marketing sequences that could run in autopilot, (also known as marketing sequences). The overall goals are to find, attract and win new clients, nurture and retain those the company already has, entice former clients back into the fold, and reduce the costs of marketing and client service. Once simply a label for a category of software tools, today, it generally denotes a company-wide business strategy embracing all client-facing departments and even beyond. When an implementation is effective, people, processes, and technology work in synergy to increase profitabil ity, and reduce operational costs. Relationship marketing also stresses what it calls internal marketing. This refers to using a marketing orientation within the organization itself. It is claimed that many of the relationship marketing attributes like collaboration, loyalty and trust determine what internal customers say and do. According to this theory, every employee, team, or department in the company is simultaneously a supplier and a customer of services and products. Brand identity and strategy Developing a brand strategy can be one of the most difficult steps in the marketing plan process. Its often the element that causes most businesses the biggest challenge, but its a vital step in creating the company identity. A strong brand is invaluable as the battle for customers intensifies day by day. Its important to spend time investing in researching, defining, and building your brand. A brand is the source of a promise to the consumers. Its a foundational piece in the marketing communication. Defining a Brand This is the first step in the process of developing brand strategy. By defining what the brand is one can create the foundation for all other components to build on. The brand definition will serve as measuring stick in evaluating any and all marketing materials and strategies. Determining The Brands Objectives Critical to effective brand management is the clear definition of the brands audience and the objectives that the brand needs to achieve. The objectives have to be defined and a plan has to be put into place that would help to succeed in meeting them. Focusing on Target Audience The power of brand relies on the ability to focus. That is why defining target market will help to strengthen the brands effectiveness. Discovering and Crushing Brand Barriers When creating the brand strategy for a product or service it is important to perform a careful analysis to determine principal barriers. These barriers are also known as market conditions that can keep the product or service from achieving success. Brand Packaging and Identity Branding is someones identity in the marketplace and the Oberoi brand says what it should. The company image is all about the appearance of the packaging. Successfully out-branding ones competitors is a continuous battle for the hearts and minds of the customers. The proposition the brand strategy makes must be very compelling, attractive and unique among competitive offerings. The proposition must also be consistently reinforced throughout all phases of an organization, from senior executives to customer service, research and development, business development and even any business partners. The brand statement, often called the brand promise or proposition, is a derivative of branding research. It states the benefit of buying and using the companys products or services. For Oberoi industry the brand statement is Our commitment is that every guest leaves satisfied. Oberoi Hotels which is an Indian brand associated with ultra luxury hotels. Founded in 1934, Oberoi manages 30 hotels and 5 luxury cruises under the Oberoi and Trident brands. All the hotels owned by the company across the many segments in India operate under the Oberoi brand name. The usual trend in the international hospitality industry is to have distinct brands for each segment that a hotel group operates in. This strategy ensures that the brand equity is not diluted when the brand enters the business segment or economy hotels segment. But the Oberoi brand has not treaded this path till now. The Oberoi Group has removed the Oberoi brand names from six of its hotels which are not luxury hotels. Simultaneously, it has brought all the luxury palace-hotels previously called villas under the Oberoi brand to convey the brand spirit and strengthen the brand equity. This strategy ensures that Oberoi preserve their brand equity and also facilitates the expansion to other segments by endorsing the sub-brands with their parent brand names. With the Indian travel and tourism industry expected to grow at an annual rate of 8.8% to US$90.4 billion in 2015, these brand maneuvers become very important to ensure the famous Indian hospitality brands are up to the global challenges. Viral and guerilla marketing Guerilla Marketing: Unconventional marketing intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. Viral marketing: Marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message. The concept of guerrilla marketing was invented as an unconventional system of promotions that relies on time, energy and imagination rather than a big marketing budget. Typically, guerrilla marketing campaigns are unexpected and unconventional, potentially interactive, and consumers are targeted in unexpected places. The objective of guerrilla marketing is to create a unique, engaging and thought-provoking concept to generate buzz, and consequently turn viral. The term was coined and defined by Jay Conrad Levinson in his book Guerrilla Marketing. Guerrilla marketing involves unusual approaches such as intercept encounters in public places, street giveaways of products, PR stunts, or any unconventional marketing intended to get maximum results from minimal resources. More innovative approaches to Guerrilla marketing now utilize cutting edge mobile digital technologies to engage the consumer and create a memorable brand experience Guerrilla marketers use all of their contacts, both professional and personal, and examine their company and its products, looking for sources of publicity. Many forms of publicity can be very inexpensive, or even free. Levinson says that when implementing guerrilla marketing tactics, small size is actually an advantage. In The Guerrilla Marketing Handbook, he states: In order to sell a product or a service, a company must establish a relationship with the customer. It must build trust and support. It must understand the customers needs, and it must provide a product that delivers the promised benefits. The Oberoi group has actually implemented this strategy in providing their services and maintaining good relationship with their customers. Strategic Customer Relations For larger-scale enterprises like The Oberoi group, a complete and detailed plan is required to obtain the funding, resources, and company-wide support that can make the initiative of choosing and implementing a system successfully. Benefits must be defined, risks assessed, and cost quantified in three general areas: Processes: Though these systems have many technological components, business processes lie at its core. It can be seen as a more client-centric way of doing business, enabled by technology that consolidates and intelligently distributes pertinent information about clients, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness, and market trends. Therefore, a company must analyze its business workflows and processes before choosing a technology platform; some will likely need re-engineering to better serve the overall goal of winning and satisfying clients. Moreover, planners need to determine the types of client information that are most relevant, and how best to employ them.4 People: For an initiative to be effective, an organization must convince its staff that the new technology and workflows will benefit employees as well as clients. Senior executives need to be strong and visible advocates who can clearly state and support the case for change. Collaboration, teamwork, and two-way communication should be encouraged across hierarchical boundaries, especially with respect to process improvement.5 Technology: In evaluating technology, key factors include alignment with the companys business process strategy and goals, including the ability to deliver the right data to the right employees and sufficient ease of adoption and use. Platform selection is best undertaken by a carefully chosen group of executives who understand the business processes to be automated as well as the software issues. Depending upon the size of the company and the breadth of data, choosing an application can take anywhere from a few weeks to a year or more. 4DestinationCRM.com (2002) 5TechTarget (2009) Strategy Checklist: Planning for CRM and Customer Service Success The three phases in which strategic consumer relations support the relationship between a business and its customers are to: Acquire: Strategic consumer relations can help a business acquire new customers through contact management, selling, and fulfillment.6 Enhance: web-enabled CRM combined with customer service tools offers customers service from a team of sales and service specialists, which offers customers the convenience of one-stop shopping.6 Retain: CRM software and databases enable a business to identify and reward its loyal customers and further develop its targeted marketing and relationship marketing initiatives. Over the last decade, too many organizations have assumed that their products or services were so superior that customers would automatically keep coming back for more. But in order to compete effectively in todays marketplace, organizations must change their strategy to become more customer focused, not product focused. Strategic consumer relation is the best way to integrate this customer-facing approach throughout an organization. 6 James A. OBrien George M. Marakas (2009). Enterprise Business Systems. Management Information Systems. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Effectiveness of e-marketing An e-marketing strategy is needed to provide consistent direction for an organizations e-marketing activities that integrates with its other marketing activities and supports the overall objectives of the business. For many companies, the first forays into e-marketing or Internet marketing are not the result of a well-defined, integrated Internet strategy; rather, they are a response to competitors activities or customers demand. There is no evidence to suggest that the approach to developing and implementing a strategy should be significantly different for e-marketing. Established frameworks for corporate strategy development or strategic marketing planning should still be followed. These frameworks provided a logical sequence to follow which ensures inclusion of all key activities of strategy development. However, with e-marketing there is an even greater need for a highly responsive strategy process model where rapid reaction can occur to events in the marketplace. The use of Soviet-style 5 year planning does not seem appropriate; a preferable approach is an emergent e-marketing strategy process that is part of a continuous improvement. E-business or e-marketing strategy process models tend to share the following characteristics: Continuous internal and external environment scanning or analysis are required. Clear statement of vision and objectives is required. Strategy development can be broken down into formulation and selection. After strategy development, enactment of the strategy occurs as strategy implementation. Control is required to detect problems and adjust the strategy accordingly. They must be responsive to changes in the marketplace. There is four stage models for e-marketing strategy development: 1. Strategic analysis. Continuous scanning of the micro and macro-environment of an organization are required with particular emphasis on the changing needs of customers, actions and business models of competitor and opportunities afforded by new technologies. Techniques include resource analysis, demand analysis and competitor analysis, applications portfolio analysis, SWOT analysis and competitive environment analysis. 2. Strategic objectives. Organizations must have a clear vision on whether digital media will complement or replace other media and their capacity for change. Clear objectives must be defined and in particular goals for the online revenue contribution should be set. 3. Strategy definition. Strategy definition may be denoted by eight factors: Target market strategies. Positioning and differentiation strategies. Resourcing Internet marketing priorities significance to organization. CRM focus and financial control Market and product development strategies. Business and revenue models including product development and pricing strategies. Organizational restructuring required. Channel structure modifications. 4. Strategy implementation It includes devising and executing the tactics needed to achieve strategic objectives. This includes relaunching a web site, campaigns associated with promoting the site and monitoring the effectiveness of the site. The travel industry survives as one of the better performing sectors in e-commerce. With no fulfillment and no need for online payments, the hotel industry is well positioned to capture the full potential of ecommerce while avoiding many of its risks. Despite the burst of the Internet bubble, the promise of the Internet for hoteliers is still real: Online distribution can reduce costs, attract affluent customers and lessen dependency on more traditional and expensive distribution channels. The Oberoi group is providing effective e-marketing services to their customers. Conclusion: Through this assignment I have found that the main purpose of hospitality and tourism industry is to entertain a guest with goodwill. Oberoi hotel is using all the marketing strategies and has developed good customer relationships, which is the reason for their increasing and worldwide growth. Oberoi hotel is always offering a range of facilities and business services like as internet, fax machine. I have found that Oberoi Hotels Resorts are synonymous the world over for providing the right blend of service, luxury and quiet efficiency. Internationally recognized for all-round excellence and unparalleled levels of service, Oberoi Hotels Resorts have received innumerable awards and accolades. A distinctive feature of The Groups hotels is their highly motivated and well trained staff that provides the kind of attentive, personalized and warm service that is rare today. The Groups new luxury hotels have established a reputation for redefining the paradigm of luxury and excellence in s ervice amongst leisure hotels around the world. Recommendation: With the completion of this assignment I know much about how to run a business smoothly and what is required to become a good and successful business man and get good profit. One should be very much clear about what the needs of the customers are and how to satisfy them. Every businessman should give focus on the customer needs because this is first and foremost thing in business. If we make strategies before starting any business then we wont have to face many problems. Organizations should be arranging and delegating work for accomplishment of their goals. Relationship Marketing refers to a long-term and mutually beneficial arrangement where both the buyer and seller have an interest in providing a more satisfying exchange and is essential for any industry to reach high status. A key principle of relationship marketing is the retention of customers through varying means and practices to ensure repeated trade from preexisting customers by satisfying requirements above those of compe ting companies through a mutually beneficial relationship.

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land †Can We Learn From the Past ? Essay examp

T.S. Eliot’s The Waste Land – Can We Learn From the Past ? And he is not likely to know what is To be done unless he lives in what is not merely the present, but the present moment of the past, unless he is conscious, not of what is dead, but what is already living. --T.S. Eliot, "Tradition and the Individual Talent" When read for the first time, The Waste Land appears to be a concoction of sorts, a disjointed poem. Lines are written in different languages, narrators change, and the scenes seem disconnected, except for the repeated references to the desert and death. When read over again, however, the pieces become coherent. The Waste Land is categorized as a poem, but exhibited visually, it appears to be a literary collage. And when standing back and viewing the collage from afar, a common theme soon emerges. Eliot collects aspects from different cultures or what he calls cultural memories. These assembled memories depict a lifeless world, in which the barrenness of these scenes speak of a wasted condition. He concentrates on women, including examples of violence committed against them and the women's subsequent lack of response to this violence, to show how apathetic the world is. But The Waste Land is not a social commentary on the plight of women. Rather, the women's non-reaction to the viole nce against them becomes a metaphor for the impotence of the human race to respond to pain. Violence recurs throughout time, and as Eliot points to in his essay "Tradition and Individual Talent" in the epigraph, we can break this cycle of violence and move ahead only by learning from the past and applying this knowledge to the present. Form often follows function in poetry, and in this case, Eliot uses this notion whe... ...ing these fragments, he saw how asleep he used to be: I have heard the key Turn in the door once and turn once only We think of the key, each in his prison, Thinking of the key, each confirms a prison (412-415) These memories become his "key" to awken the rest of us who are still pretending. The reader is left with two choices at the end of the poem. S/he can either forget about the poem, and go back to living in a waste land, or s/he can stop repressing pain and feeling and leave the waste land. Eliot ends the poem with a man (maybe himself?) sitting on a shore, "[f]ishing, with the arid plain behind me" and asking, "Shall I at least set my lands in order?" (425-36) The man here, by facing his pain, has left the waste land, and is able to move ahead. Work Cited [1] Plato, Republic, in Great Diaologues of Plato (Mentor: New York, 1984), 313.